Prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric symptom clusters in the U.S. adolescent population using DISC predictive scales

Chen, Kevin W; Killeya-Jones, Ley A; Vega, William A

doi:10.1186/1745-0179-1-22

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health

Table 3 Twelve-Month Prevalence of Psychiatric Symptom Clusters based on DISC Predictive Scale ^a Among U.S. Adolescents by Gender, Race/Ethnicity and Age (NHSDA 2000)

From: Prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric symptom clusters in the U.S. adolescent population using DISC predictive scales

	Total 12–17 year old		By Sex				By Race/Ethnicity						By Age
			Male		Female		White		Black		Hispanic		12–14		15–17
	%	SE ^b	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE	%	SE
Anxiety Clusters
Social phobia	16.5	0.32	14.7	0.45	18.4*	0.45	15.1	0.38	22.2	0.95	17.0*	0.94	18.1	0.48	14.8*	0.39
Separation anxiety	7.3	0.22	5.5	0.28	9.1*	0.33	6.1	0.25	11.2	0.79	9.1*	0.59	9.9	0.34	4.6*	0.26
Agoraphobia	9.3	0.24	5.9	0.28	12.9*	0.39	7.5	0.25	13.7	0.75	13.0*	0.84	11.4	0.39	7.2*	0.31
Panic disorder	6.0	0.19	3.8	0.23	8.3*	0.30	5.9	0.22	7.2	0.58	5.9	0.48	6.2	0.28	5.8	0.27
General anxiety	15.0	0.29	11.4	0.38	18.9*	0.43	15.6	0.36	15.6	0.83	13.2*	0.69	14.4	0.39	15.7	0.44
Specific phobia	13.5	0.28	8.4	0.32	18.9*	0.45	11.7	0.31	20.0	0.88	14.1*	0.78	15.5	0.40	11.4*	0.38
OCD	14.4	0.30	11.8	0.40	17.1*	0.47	11.4	0.31	22.8	0.97	17.7*	0.89	15.2	0.42	13.5*	0.43
Any anxiety cluster	40.1	0.41	33.1	0.56	47.4*	0.60	36.8	0.48	50.8	1.13	42.9*	1.17	42.6	0.58	37.5*	0.60
Affective Clusters
Major depression	12.1	0.26	7.9	0.31	16.5*	0.42	12.2	0.31	10.6	0.69	12.0	0.68	10.7	0.37	13.5*	0.40
Mania	3.1	0.15	2.7	0.20	3.6*	0.21	3.2	0.19	2.8	0.35	2.7	0.31	3.0	0.21	3.3	0.21
Any affect cluster	13.4	0.28	9.2	0.34	17.9*	0.44	13.6	0.33	11.7	0.73	13.1*	0.70	12.0	0.39	14.9*	0.41
Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol abuse ^c	3.3	0.15	3.4	0.21	3.3	0.20	3.8	0.21	1.9	0.31	3.0*	0.35	1.2	0.13	5.4*	0.28
Alcohol dependent	1.9	0.12	1.8	0.17	1.9	0.18	2.1	0.16	0.7	0.18	1.9*	0.30	0.6	0.08	3.1*	0.24
Nicotine dependent	4.1	0.16	3.7	0.22	4.6*	0.24	5.1	0.22	1.5	0.24	3.2*	0.39	1.7	0.15	6.7*	0.30
Drug abuse ^c	2.0	0.13	2.1	0.18	2.0	0.17	2.1	0.15	1.7	0.31	2.6	0.43	1.0	0.12	3.1*	0.22
Drug dependent	2.4	0.13	2.6	0.20	2.2	0.16	2.5	0.17	1.7	0.28	2.3	0.38	0.9	0.11	3.8*	0.24
Any SUD	9.7	0.25	9.5	0.34	9.9	0.35	10.8	0.33	5.4	0.50	9.1*	0.68	4.0	0.22	15.5*	0.45
Disruptive-behavior Clusters
ADHD	14.7	0.29	13.8	0.41	15.6*	0.44	13.8	0.34	18.3	0.91	15.1*	0.82	16.0	0.44	13.3*	0.37
ODD	27.1	0.38	27.9	0.56	26.2	0.53	27.8	0.47	26.4	1.10	24.9	0.94	27.2	0.53	27.0	0.52
Conduct disorder	11.5	0.28	12.8	0.41	10.1*	0.39	10.9	0.32	12.4	0.79	12.2	0.73	9.3	0.34	13.6*	0.41
Any beh. cluster	36.3	0.42	37.1	0.59	35.5	0.60	36.3	0.51	38.3	1.15	34.7	1.09	36.1	0.59	36.6	0.55
Other Disorder Clusters
Eating disorder	6.1	0.19	3.7	0.23	8.7*	0.32	5.9	0.24	6.5	0.57	6.4	0.50	5.5	0.28	6.8*	0.30
Elimination	0.2	0.05	0.3	0.08	0.2	0.05	0.3	0.06	0.2	0.09	0.2	0.06	0.2	0.06	0.3	0.07
*Any DPS Cluster*	58.1	0.42	54.8	0.56	61.6*	0.59	56.7	0.51	62.8	1.15	58.8*	1.17	56.6	0.59	59.6*	0.58

* p < 0.01 in Chi-square test of gender, race or age differences. ^a DISC = Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, See appendix Table A; ^b All standard errors are estimated by SUDAAN, which takes multi-level sampling effects into consideration. ^c. Abuse only without dependence.

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