Table 2 Age, length of hospitalization, time of assessment, educational level, social class, clinical variables in the non-hostile, hostile and violent groups
From: Hostility and violence of acute psychiatric inpatients
No hostility | Hostility | Violence | Variance analysis | Df | Bonferroni test; p < .05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42.2 (± 13.8) | 41.9 (± 14.4) | 36.3 (± 12.3) | F = 6.02 P = .002 | 2341 | 1 vs 3 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = no |
Hospitalization (days) | 9.7 (± 12.5) | 12.8 (± 13.8) | 20.7 (± 17.4) | F = 32.99 P = .000 | 2348 | 1 vs 3 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes |
Interval admission/complete assessment (days) | 3.0 (± 4.6) | 4.0 (± 6.0) | 5.8 (± 7.5) | F = 9.73 P = .000 | 1279 | 3 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 2 = no |
Education level (years) | 10.5 (± 4.0) | 10.9 (± 3.8) | 10.7 (± 3.4) | F = 1.52 P = .220 | 1370 | NS |
Social class | 14.3 (± 4.2) | 14.2 (± 4.4) | 13.6 (± 3.7) | F = 0.6 P = .546 | 1353 | NS |
GAF (current score) | 24.6 (± 7.9) | 23.3 (± 6.9) | 19.8 (± 7.6) | F = 12.24 P = .000 | 1339 | 1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes |
GAF (best score in the last year) | 49.6 (± 14.5) | 47.2 (± 13.7) | 41.1 (± 13.3) | F = 11.06 P = .000 | 1296 | 1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = yes |
Age at the beginning of illness (years) | 29.4 (± 13.7) | 27.0 (± 12.8) | 21.9 (± 8.8) | F = 6.84 P = .001 | 933 | 1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = no |
BPRS total | 57.0 (± 13.2) | 61.4 (± 13.3) | 61.5 (± 13.6 = | F = 17.49 P = .000 | 1278 | NS |
BPRS psychotic cluster | 10.2 (± 5.1) | 11.6 (± 5.1) | 11.2 (± 4.8) | F = 11.85 P = .000 | 1278 | 2 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 3 = no 3 vs 1 = no |
BPRS withdrawal/retardation | 7.6 (± 4.4) | 6.2 (± 3.9) | 7.6 (± 4.3) | F = 15.96 P = .000 | 1278 | NS |
BPRS hostility/agitation | 6.6 (± 3.0) | 9.7 (± 3.6) | 9.9 (± 4.4) | F = 138.93 P = .000 | 1278 | 3 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 2 = no |
BPRS anxiety/depression | 9.9 (± 4.5) | 8.1 (± 4.1) | 7.6 (± 4.0) | F = 28.60 P = .000 | 1278 | 1 vs 3 = yes 1 vs 2 = yes 2 vs 3 = no |
SAPS | 33.1 (± 23.6) | 41.3 (± 22.1) | 42.1 (± 20.4) | F = 20.83 P = .000 | 1278 | 3 vs 1 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 2 = no |
SANS | 48.4 (± 24.7) | 43.6 (± 23.6) | 55.1 (± 21.6) | F = 8.99 P = .000 | 1279 | 2 vs 3 = yes 2 vs 1 = yes 3 vs 1 = no |
MMSE | 26.5 (± 3.3) | 26.4 (± 2.9) | 26.0 (± 4.3) | F = 0.59 P = .557 | 1231 | NS |
UPDRS total | 7.1 (± 6.4) | 6.0 (± 5.5) | 7.4 (± 8.2) | F = 5.19 P = .557 | 1206 | NS |
UPDRS rigidity | 0.5 (± 0.7) | 0.4 (± 0.6) | 0.5 (± 0.7) | F = 3.77 P = .023 | 1206 | 1 vs 2 = yes 1 vs 3 = no 3 vs 2 = no |
UPDRS tremor | 1.5 (± 1.7) | 1.2 (± 1.5) | 1.6 (± 1.6) | F = 4.43 P = .012 | 1206 | NS |
UPDRS akinesia | 0.9 (± 1.2) | 0.7 (± 1.0) | 0.7 (± 1.3) | F = 4.25 P = .015 | 1204 | 1 vs 2 = yes 1 vs 3 = no 3 vs 2 = no |
Barnes akathisia scale | 0.5 (± 1.0) | 0.4 (± 0.9) | 0.5 (± 1.0) | F = 1.52 P = .220 | 1203 | NS |