Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of included prospective studies on depression and subsequent cancer occurrence
From: A meta-analysis on depression and subsequent cancer risk
First author (ref) | Total sample (% women) | Setting of cohort | Site of cancer | Age Range | Depression questionnaire | Diagnosis | Follow-up (years) | Number of total cancer patients (% on total) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hahn (9) | 8,932 (100) | Breast cancer-free subjects | Breast only | ns | MMPI depession 70 | Medical records and Histology | 1969–1982 (13) | 120 (1.3%) |
Kaplan (8) | 6,848 (?) | Population sample, cancer-free subjects | All Lung, Breast Prostate, Colon | "adults" | HPL | Cancer registry | 1965–1982 (17) | 733 (10.7%) |
Zonderman (10) | 6,403 (?) | Population sample | All | 25–75 | CES-D (cut-off score 16) GWB-D (cut off score 13) | Hospitalization records and death certificates | 1971–1981 (10) | 637 (9.9%) |
Linkins (11) | 2,264 (?) | Population sample, cancer-free subjects | All | >18 | CES-D (depression 16) | Cancer registry and death certificates | 1975–1987 (12) | 169 (7.5%) |
Vogt (20) | 1,529 (?) | Population sample | All | ≥ 18 | DSM-III based questionnaire | Death certificates and state of vital records | 1970–1985 (15) | ? |
Knekt (17) | 7,018 (55) | Population sample, cancer-free subjects | All Lung, Breast | 30–95 | PSE, | Cancer registry | 1978–1991 (14) | 605 (8.6%) |
Penninx (19) | 4,825 (64.6) | Population sample, cancer-free subjects | All 11 sites | 71–96 | CES-D | Hospitalization records and death certificates | 1988–1992 (7) | 402 (8.3%) |
Gallo (15) | 2,017 (60) | Population sample, cancer-free subjects | All Lung, Breast, Skin, Colon, Prostate | >18 | DIS | Self reports and death certification | 1981–1994 (13) | 203 (10.1%) |
van den Heuvel (22) | 2,342 (?) | GP-based | All | All | GP diagnosis ICHPPC-2 criteria | GP-registry | 1984–1994 (10) | 76 (3.2%) |
Schuurman (23) | 68,366 (51.2%) | GP-based cancer-free subjects | All Lung, breast, colon, prostate | ≥ 20 | GP diagnosis ICHPPC-2 criteria | GP-registry | 1975–2000 (25) | 3,464 (5.1%) |
Jacobs (16) | 1,213 | Population sample | Breast | Mean = 43 | DIS | Hospitalization (self report) | 1980–1995 (15) | 58 (1.1%) |
Nyklicek (18) | 5,191 | Population sample, cancer-free subjects | Breast | 56–62 | EDS | Cancer registry | 1995–2000 (5) | 39(3.2%) |
Aro(21) | 10,892 | Population sample, breast cancer-free subjects | Breast | 48–50 | BDI | Cancer registry | 1992–2001 (6–9) | 278(2.6%) |