Table 2 Results from prospective studies on depression and subsequent overall cancer occurrence
From: A meta-analysis on depression and subsequent cancer risk
First author (ref) | Number of subjects with depression | Number of subjects without depression | Total numbers of subjects | Crude RR (95% CI) | Multivariable Adjusted RR (95% CI) reported in paper | Adjustment factors for multivariable RR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer | No cancer | Cancer | No Cancer | |||||
Kaplan (8) | 117 | N.a. | 612 | N.a. | 6,848 | - | 0.97 males 1.27 females | Age, sex |
Zonderman (10) | 110 | 892 | 527 | 4,874 | 6,403 | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | Age, sex, marital status, smoking, family history of cancer, hypertension, cholesterol level |
Linkins (11) | 25 | 343 | 144 | 1,752 | 2,264 | 0.89 (0.59–1.35) | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | Age |
Vogt (20) | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | 1,529 | 1.08 (0.79–1.49) | 1.08 (0.77–1.52) | Age, sex, social class, Smoking, duration of health plan membership |
Knekt (17) | 29 | 295 | 486 | 5,298 | 7,018 | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | Age, sex |
Penninx (19) | 16 | 130 | 386 | 4293 | 4825 | 1.33 (0.83–2.13) | 1.88 (1.13–3.14) | Age, sex, race, disability, hospital admissions, alcohol, smoking |
Gallo (15) | 8 | 82 | 141 | 1,338 | 1,569 | 0.93 (0.47–1.84) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol |
van den Heuvel (22) | 9 | 207 | 67 | 2,059 | 2,342 | 1.32 (0.67–2.61) | n.a. | |
Schuurman (23) | 95 | 1,246 | 3,369 | 63,656 | 68,366 | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | Age, sex, socioeconomic status |