Table 3 Results from prospective studies on depression and subsequent breast cancer occurrence
From: A meta-analysis on depression and subsequent cancer risk
First author (ref) | Number of subjects with depression | Number of subjects without depression | Crude RR (95% CI) | Multivariable adjusted RR (95% CI) reported in paper | Adjustment factors for multivariable RR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer | No cancer | Cancer | No cancer | ||||
Hahn (9) | 15 | 821 | 105 | 7,991 | 1.38 (0.81–2.37) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | Age, nulliparity, obesity, hysterectomy |
Kaplan (8) | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | - | 1.13 (incidence) | Age |
Knekt (17) | 7 | 203 | 47 | 2,976 | 2.14 (0.98–4.68) | 1.96 (0.88–4.33) | Age |
Penninx (19) | 0 | 575 | 31 | 3806 | 0.11 (0.01–1.73) | No depressed cases of malignancy | Age, race, disability, hospital admissions, alcohol, smoking |
Gallo (15) | 3 | N.a. | 22 | N.a. | 3.1 (0.9–11.02) | 3.8 (1.0–14.3) | Age, smoking, alcohol |
Schuurman (23) | 25 | 830 | 703 | 32,746 | 1.39 (0.94–2.06) | 1.06 (0.71–1.58) | Age, socio-economic status |
Jacobs (16) | 2 | 9 | 38 | 1484 | 7.28 (2.0–26.52) | 17.2 (3.76–77.08) | Age, family history of breast cancer, chronic illness at follow-up, income |
Nyklicek (18) | 3 | 837 | 54 | 4297 | 0.29 (0.09–0.92) | 0.29 (0.09–0.91) | Family history breast cancer, menopause, oophorectomy, hypothyroidism |
Aro (21) | 0.70 (0.07–1.63) | Area of residence, age, education, income, children, socioeconomic status, familiy history of breast cancer, smoking, alcohol, physical exercise | |||||