Table 4 Results from prospective studies on depression and subsequent lung cancer occurrence
From: A meta-analysis on depression and subsequent cancer risk
First author (ref) | Number of subjects with depression | Number of subjects without depression | Crude RR (95% CI) | Multivariable adjusted RR (95% CI) reported in paper | Adjustment factors for multivariable RR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer | No cancer | Cancer | No cancer | ||||
Kaplan (8) | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | - | 1.33 incidence males 1.09 incidence fem | Age, sex |
Knekt (17) | 4 | 110 | 53 | 2708 | 1.83 (0.67–4.96) | 1.65 (0.60–4.58) | Age, sex (only males) |
Penninx (19) | 2 | 144 | 54 | 4,625 | 1.19 (0.29–4.82) | 2.10 (0.49–8.92) | Age, sex, race, disability, hospital admissions, alcohol, smoking |
Gallo (15) | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | N.a. | 0.7 (0.1–5.1) | 1.0 (0.1–7.7) | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol |
Schuurman (23) | 13 | 1,328 | 466 | 66,559 | 1.39 (0.81–2.41) | 1.25 (0.72–2.17) | Age. Sex, socio-economic status |