Table 3 Modified Beck Depression Index (M-BDI) for different subgroups and correlations between M-BDI and continuous variables

University

<0.001

   Bielefeld, Germany

26.87 (15.25)

   Lublin, Poland

31.87 (16.91)

   Sofia, Bulgaria

32.50 (14.97)

Gender

<0.001

   Female

31.78 (16.20)

   Male

27.29 (14.53)

Having a partner

<0.001

   Yes

27.93 (14.93)

   No

32.19 (16.31)

Sufficiency of income

<0.001

   Totally sufficient

26.32 (14.83)

   Sufficient

28.60 (14.76)

   Not sufficient

31.14 (15.69)

   Not sufficient at all

36.32 (17.35)

Performance at the university

<0.001

   Worse

37.48 (16.93)

   Average

28.09 (15.10)

   Better

28.94 (14.64)

Continuous variables

Correlation coefficient (Pearson r)

p-value⁺

Perceived burdens: Isolation^#

0.438

<0.001

Perceived burdens: Relationships^#

0.290

<0.001

Perceived burdens: Course work^#

0.275

<0.001

Perceived burdens: Future^#

0.290

<0.001

Perceived stress^§

0.702

<0.001