Depressive symptoms and perceived burdens related to being a student: Survey in three European countries

Table 4 Total and stress independent associations between different variables and the depression score (p-value obtained from F-test and partial eta² obtained from multiple analysis of covariance)

Variable	Model 1^a p-value/partial eta²	Model 2^b p-value/partial eta²
Full model	<0.001/0.333	<0.001/0.568
Perceived burdens: Course work	<0.001/0.035	<0.445/0.001
Perceived burdens: Isolation	<0.001/0.083	<0.001/0.047
Perceived burdens: Relationships	<0.001/0.022	<0.001/0.008
Perceived burdens: Future	<0.001/0.010	<0.001/0.009
Countries	<0.001/0.035	<0.001/0.027
Gender	<0.001/0.015	<0.157/0.001
Having a partner	0.001/0.007	0.023/0.003
Sufficiency of income	0.001/0.011	0.043/0.005
Performance at the university	<0.001/0.039	<0.001/0.017
Perceived stress	(not included in the model)	<0.001/0.351

^a assuming that stress is only an intermediate effect between other variables in the model and depression, thus estimating the total effect of perceived burdens etc.
^b including all predictors and perceived stress, thus estimating the effect of other variables controlling for stress