|
Psychiatric disorder:
|
No
|
967
|
32
|
3.2
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
Yes
|
125
|
42
|
33.6
|
163.7
|
1
|
<0.001
|
5.43
|
2.29
|
12.9
|
14.77
|
1
|
<0.001
|
|
Disability from mental illness (≥ 1 month)
|
No
|
1059
|
44
|
4.2
| | | | | | | | | |
| |
Yes
|
33
|
30
|
90.9
|
381.3
|
1
|
<0.001
|
106.4
|
24.5
|
461.9
|
38.82
|
1
|
<0.001
|
|
Self-rated mental health:
|
Excellent or very good
|
324
|
14
|
4.3
| | | |
1
| | |
8.379
|
2
|
0.015#
|
| |
Good
|
648
|
33
|
5.1
| | | |
0.82
|
0.35
|
1.94
|
0.198
|
1
|
0.657
|
| |
Fair of poor
|
120
|
27
|
22.5
|
52.96
|
2
|
<0.001
|
3.18
|
1.01
|
10.0
|
3.928
|
1
|
0.047
|
|
Gender
|
Male
|
478
|
26
|
5.5
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
Female
|
614
|
48
|
7.8
|
0.238
|
1
|
0.12
|
2.25
|
1.09
|
4.66
|
3.386
|
1
|
0.07
|
|
Age
|
60–74
|
824
|
58
|
7.0
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
≥ 75
|
268
|
16
|
6.0
|
0.366
|
1
|
0.54
|
0.71
|
0.31
|
1.62
|
0.672
|
1
|
0.41
|
|
Ethnicity
|
Chinese
|
873
|
61
|
7.0
| | | |
1
| | | |
2
| |
| |
Malay
|
120
|
6
|
5.0
| | | |
0.81
|
0.25
|
2.60
|
0.126
|
1
|
0.72
|
| |
Indian
|
99
|
7
|
7.1
|
0.675
|
2
|
0.71
|
0.93
|
0.30
|
2.90
|
0.017
|
1
|
0.89
|
|
Formal education
|
No
|
437
|
24
|
5.5
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
Yes
|
655
|
50
|
7.5
|
1.679
|
1
|
0.19
|
2.48
|
1.11
|
5.51
|
4.929
|
1
|
0.026
|
|
Household income per month
|
< $1,000
|
218
|
22
|
10.3
| | | |
1
| | |
7.243
|
2
|
0.027#
|
| |
$1,000 – $2,999
|
429
|
33
|
7.7
| | | |
0.56
|
0.25
|
1.25
|
2.004
|
1
|
0.16
|
| |
>$3,000
|
445
|
19
|
4.4
|
8.607
|
1
|
0.015
|
0.29
|
0.12
|
0.72
|
7.232
|
1
|
0.007
|
|
Limited by financial resources for medical care
|
No at all
|
458
|
36
|
7.9
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
Yes, to some or great extent
|
634
|
38
|
6.0
|
1.467
|
1
|
0.23
|
0.38
|
0.18
|
0.79
|
6.791
|
1
|
0.009
|
|
Actively employed
|
Yes
|
164
|
10
|
6,1
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
No
|
928
|
64
|
6.8
|
0.004
|
1
|
0.85
|
1.76
|
0.75
|
4.15
|
1.678
|
1
|
0.19
|
|
Single, divorced, widowed
|
No
|
384
|
34
|
8.9
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
Yes
|
708
|
40
|
5.6
|
4.047
|
1
|
0.044
|
0.48
|
0.23
|
1.03
|
3.566
|
1
|
0.059
|
|
Living alone: No
|
No
|
1031
|
69
|
6.7
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
61
|
5
|
8.2
|
0.206
|
1
|
0.65
|
2.10
|
0.48
|
9.22
|
0.975
|
1
|
0.32
|
|
Caregiver available
|
No
|
44
|
8
|
18.2
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
| |
Yes
|
1048
|
66
|
6.3
|
9.440
|
1
|
0.002
|
0.25
|
0.07
|
0.78
|
5.654
|
1
|
0.017
|
|
Religious or spiritual support
|
Not at all
|
169
|
11
|
6.5
| | | |
1
| | |
1.819
|
2
|
0.40#
|
| |
To some extent
|
504
|
40
|
7.7
| | | |
0.92
|
0.34
|
2.50
|
0.024
|
1
|
0.88
|
| |
To a great extent
|
419
|
23
|
5.5
|
1.860
|
2
|
0.39
|
0.57
|
0.21
|
1.60
|
1.123
|
1
|
0.29
|
|
Regular source of primary care: No
|
No
|
163
|
11
|
6.8
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
929
|
63
|
6.8
|
0.01
|
1
|
1.00
|
0.66
|
0.29
|
1.52
|
0.941
|
1
|
0.33
|
|
Prefer to seek professional help: No
|
No
|
211
|
12
|
5.7
| | | |
1
| | | | | |
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
881
|
62
|
7.0
|
0.497
|
1
|
0.48
|
0.81
|
0.34
|
1.93
|
0.218
|
1
|
0.64
|
|
Mental illness can be cured
|
Not at all
|
108
|
3
|
2.8
| | | |
1.00
| | |
6.866
|
2
|
.032#
|
| |
To some extent
|
782
|
48
|
6.1
| | | |
4.85
|
1.07
|
22.0
|
4.178
|
1
|
0.041
|
| |
To a great extent
|
202
|
23
|
11.4
|
10.03
|
2
|
0.007
|
8.82
|
1.69
|
45.9
|
6.690
|
1
|
0.010
|
|
Embarrassed or ashamed about mental illness
|
Not at all
|
744
|
50
|
6.7
| | | |
1
| | |
0.641
|
2
|
0.73
|
| |
To some extent
|
294
|
19
|
6.5
| | | |
1.34
|
0.63
|
2.84
|
0.576
|
1
|
0.45
|
| |
To a great extent
|
54
|
5
|
9.3
|
0.576
|
2
|
0.75
|
0.94
|
0.24
|
3.66
|
0.007
|
1
|
0.93
|
|
Professionals can do little to help
|
Disagree or strongly disagree
|
719
|
36
|
5.0
| | | |
1
| | |
8.569
|
2
|
0.014#
|
| |
Neither
|
246
|
21
|
8.5
| | | |
2.81
|
1.19
|
6.65
|
5.549
|
1
|
0.018
|
| |
Agree or strongly agree
|
127
|
17
|
13.4
|
13.55
|
2
|
0.001
|
3.84
|
1.42
|
10.4
|
7.034
|
1
|
0.008
|
|
Can overcome problem without professional help
|
Disagree or strongly disagree
|
549
|
37
|
6.6
| | | |
1
| | |
3.096
|
2
|
0.21#
|
| |
Neither
|
225
|
12
|
5.3
| | | |
1.57
|
0.60
|
4.10
|
0.851
|
1
|
0.36
|
| |
Agree or strongly agree
|
318
|
25
|
7.9
|
1.402
|
2
|
0.49
|
2.02
|
0.92
|
4.43
|
3.072
|
1
|
0.08
|
|
Drugs often do more harm than good
|
Disagree or strongly disagree
|
744
|
44
|
5.9
| | | |
1
| | |
2.461
|
2
|
0.29#
|
| |
Neither
|
244
|
24
|
9.8
| | | |
1.09
|
0.47
|
2.55
|
0.040
|
1
|
0.84
|
| |
Agree or strongly agree
|
104
|
6
|
5.8
|
4.659
|
2
|
0.10
|
0.39
|
0.11
|
1.46
|
1.947
|
1
|
0.16
|
