Table 4 Comparison of experience of different forms intimate partner violence with experience of depressive episode in the last 12 months among currently married women in rural Ethiopia, Butajira, 2008 (n = 1994)
From: Intimate partner violence and depression among women in rural Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Characteristics | Sample | Prevalence No (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical violence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 1006 | 27 (2.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Ever | 988 | 69 (7.0) | 2.72 (1.73, 4.29) | 2.56 (1.61, 4.06) |
Injury during physical violence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never violence | 1006 | 27 (2.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Not Injured | 803 | 50 (6.2) | 2.41 (1.49, 3.89) | 2.30 (1.41, 3.75) |
   Injured | 185 | 19 (10.3) | 4.15 (2.26, 7.63) | 3.59 (1.92, 6.71) |
Severity of physical violence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never violence | 1006 | 27 (2.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Moderate | 270 | 17 (6.3) | 2.75 (1.50, 5.02) | 2.71 (1.47, 4.97) |
   Severe | 718 | 52 (7.2) | 3.13 (1.96, 5.00) | 3.09 (1.93, 4.97) |
Physical violence. (during last pregnancy) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never violence | 1006 | 27 (2.7) | .00 | 1.00 |
   Not during pregnancy | 844 | 53 (6.3) | 2.43 (1.52, 3.90) | 2.28 (1.41, 3.70) |
   Yes, during pregnancy | 144 | 16 (11.1) | 4.53 (2.38, 8.64) | 4.24 (2.19, 8.21) |
Physical violence by onset | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 1006 | 27 (2.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Current (last 12 months) | 635 | 37 (5.8) | 2.70 (1.65, 4.40) | 2.77 (1.69, 4.55) |
   More than 12 months previously | 353 | 32 (9.1) | 3.62 (2.13, 6.12) | 3.41 (1.99, 5.82) |
Presence of sexual violence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 808 | 36 (4.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Ever | 1186 | 60 (5.1) | 1.14 (0.75, 1.75) | 1.14 (0.74, 1.75) |
Childhood sexual abuse (n = 1943) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 1777 | 78 (4.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Yes | 166 | 16 (9.6) | 2.32 (1.32, 4.08) | 2.00 (1.13, 3.56) |
Emotional violence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 1441 | 42 (2.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Mild (single form) | 376 | 34 (9.0) | 3.32 (2.08, 5.30) | 3.19 (1.98, 5.14) |
   Severe (two/more forms) | 177 | 20 (11.3) | 4.24 (2.43, 7.41) | 3.90 (2.20, 6.93) |
Any form of intim. part. violence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 559 | 17 (3.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Present | 1435 | 79 (5.5) | 1.86 (1.10, 3.17) | 1.82 (1.06, 3.13) |
Spousal control of respondent | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Not controlled | 889 | 32 (3.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Moderate | 1006 | 53 (5.3) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.33) | 1.52 (0.96, 2.40) |
   Totally controlled | 99 | 11 (11.1) | 3.34 (1.63, 6.87) | 3.30 (1.58, 6.90) |